UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGY

In the past, underwater Archaeology was too often mistaken with treasure hunting of artifacts for the sole purpose of commercial trade. On the contrary, the real archaeology is the study of the ancient and recent human past through the recovery and analysis of material culture. Today, in most cases, archaeological studies require considerable financial funding in order to achieve successful completion. Therefore, sponsoring has become absolutely necessary for this activity, which, in spite of itself, then needs to be regarded as an economic operation.

Introduction

As from 1979, requests pertaining to shipwreck excavations in Mauritius were examined by a panel of governmental ministries for Culture, Education, Foreign Affairs, Information, Natural Resources, Finance and Economy) as well as other institutions (Museum, University, Archives, Police Force, Customs and Port Authorities). This cumbersome panel called the ‘Shipwreck Committee’ constructed a Contract, which was signed by the applicant and the Ministry of Culture on behalf of the Government. The Contract defined the duties and rights of each party and granted half the recovered artifacts to each except for unique artifacts which the Government retained. Since 2002, permission for underwater archaeological campaigns is given by the Ministry of Arts and Culture through the Mauritius Museums Council.

In Mauritius, with more than 1,400 recorded shipwrecks and a paucity of other submerged man-made vestiges, maritime archaeology is exclusively oriented towards historic wrecks in the lagoons and on reefs. In recent decades, several shipwrecks have been intensively studied and excavated in Mauritius which has contributed to our understanding of the historical past of the south-west Indian Ocean region. This underwater cultural heritage forms an integral part of the settlement history of Mauritius as well as constituting a largely untapped tourism and educational resource.

Archeomar Programme

In May 2001, the MMCS launched the “Archeomar”; programme to attain its goal in the preservation of underwater cultural heritage sites. This programme aims to set up an underwater cultural heritage management plan and implement an Underwater Heritage Management Strategy for Mauritius.

The main objective is to help local cultural heritage institutions to improve the management of our underwater heritage sites. In this way, the MMCS provides its support and experience to the Mauritius Museums Council and helps in enriching the National archaeological collection.

Since 2002, miscellaneous projects have been undertaken, such as:

Archaeological excavations of the slave trade shipwrecks Coureur (1821) and Victoire (1804) as well as of the pirate shipwreck Speaker (1702).
Ongoing archaeological research on the British shipwrecks HMS Sirius (1810) and HMS Magicienne (1810) as a part of a global study on the Grand Port Naval Battle.
Archaeological investigations of the French fluyts shipwrecks Diligente (1810) and Ambulante (1772).
Setting-up of temporary exhibitions in collaboration with the Mauritius Museums Council such as:
- Archaeological study of the HMS Sirius shipwreck;
- Sunken past of the Grand Port Naval Battle;
- Coureur, witness of illegal slave trade;
- Saint-Geran and the legend of Paul and Virginie;

Several projects are still ongoing in the context of the Archeomar programme, among which:

Archaeological investigations and excavations of shipwrecks in Mauritius

Shipwreck (Year of construction-Year wrecked)	Ship (Nationality and Type)	Year Investigated Or Excavated
HMS Magicienne (1781-1810)	British frigate	1933 to 1934 and 2005
HMS Sirius (1797-1810)	British frigate	1965 to 1968, 1987 to 1990, 2003 to 2005 and 2021
Saint-Géran (1736-1744)	French East Indiaman	1979 to 1980, 2018 and 2022 to 2023
Banda (1606-1615)	Dutch East Indiaman	1979 to 1980
Speaker (c.1699-1702)	Pirate ship	1980 to 1981, 1990 to 1991 and 2021
Geunieerde Provincien (1603-1615)	Dutch East Indiaman	1990
Diligente (1809-1810)	French fluyt	2006 to 2007
Coureur (1818-1821)	British-Mauritian lugger	2004 to 2009
Ambulante (1762-1772)	French fluyt	2019
Maria (1869-1881)	British bark	2019
Victoire (c.1795-1804)	French slave trader	2022 to 2023
Labourdonnais (1924-1934)	Mauritian tug steamer	2025

Several other shipwrecks were also investigated such as the British bark Kelvinside (1882-1887), the British brig Thomas Rickinson (1839-1843), the British coolie ship Randolph (1849-1851), the British 3-master Sandford (1855-1859), the British East Indiaman Verelst (1767-1771), the British steamer Clan Campbell (1882-1882), the Dutch East Indiaman West-Friesland (1603-1607), the French merchant ship Gustave Edouard (1842-1845), the British bark Stanhope (1866-1883), the British steamer Touareg (1867-1894), the British East Indiaman Cabalva (1811-1818) and the two unknown 19th century ships Brisant Point wreck and M1 wreck.

Campaigns

Extract from publications:

Von Arnim, Y., 2003, Archéologie Sous-marine à Maurice, un Historique, Mauritius Institute Bulletin 11(1): 33-38 (Additions in 2019 and 2025).
Von Arnim, Y., and La Hausse de Lalouvière, P. (in press). Maritime archaeology and shipwrecks in Mauritius:present, past and future. In Seetah, K. and Leidwanger, J. (eds.), Across the Shore: Integrating Perspectives on Heritage. Springer, New York.
Pictures by MMCS, Yann von Arnim, Hugues Vitry, Erick Surcouf, Christian Bossu-Piccat, Philippe Halbwachs and Mathieu Bayon.

HMS Magicienne (1781)

The interest for historic shipwrecks began in 1933, when the Mauritian Port Authority launched a vast excavation on the frigate HMS Magicienne (1781) at Grand Port, in the south-east of the island. The Magicienne was a 32 gun fifth-rate French frigate which was part of the combined Franco-Spanish fleet in 1779 and was captured in 1781 by the HMS Chatham off Cape Ann near Boston. She served with the Royal Navy until she was scuttled by her own crew to prevent capture during the Naval Battle of Grand Port in 1810. The excavation was done in 1933 by a team of helmet divers under the supervision of Harold Cholmley Mansfield Austen, general director of the Mauritius Railways and harbour engineer (Austen, 1935). Part of the ship’s hull was retrieved, together with 4 carronades, 6 canons and a vast collection of artefacts including bottles, buttons, buckles and coins.

The raising attention among the population for underwater cultural heritage encouraged Mr Austen to set up a Naval Relics Museum in the railways building at Port Louis. The collection of this museum was transferred, in 1950, to a new Naval Museum at Mahebourg, which in the year 2000, was renamed, National History Museum and placed under the management of the Mauritius Museums Council.

Another investigation of the Magicienne wreck site was done in 2005 in order to assess the
importance of the archaeological remains. It was found that only the keel and parts of the wooden hull were still intact, deeply buried under a thick layer of sticky mud. No further work was carried out on this shipwreck.

HMS Sirius (1797)

The first exposure to underwater archaeology in Mauritius was in 1964, when a team of sport and British military divers discovered the wreck of the 36 guns fifth-rate frigate HMS Sirius (1797). The Sirius was engaged in maintaining the blockade of Napoleonic Europe, between 1797 and 1805. At the Battle of Trafalgar, she was used together with other similar small frigates as a front-runner or in Nelson’s word ‘the eyes of the fleet’. From 1806 to 1808 she served in the Mediterranean and later in the Indian Ocean. She grounded in Mauritius during the Naval Battle of Grand Port in 1810 and as for the HMS Magicienne was scuttled by her own crew to prevent capture. The archaeological excavation of her wreck started in 1965 and lasted three years. It was then found that part of the lower deck, the hull and the rudder had remained intact due to the muddy nature of the sediments.

Unfortunately, the illegal use of explosives in August 1968, partially destroyed the remaining
structures. Archaeological study of this shipwreck resumed in 1979 to draw a detailed plan of the site, followed by several excavation campaigns which were carried out between the years 1987 to 2005 as well as two surveys in 1989 and 2019 using magnetometer and side scan sonar. The extensive work resulted in a vast amount of information and contributed a very large collection of artefacts related to the maritime and naval history of the early 19th century. Notable artefacts from the Sirius are hard wood pulley sheaves, sword hilts, gun-locks, Dutch, British and Spanish coins, regiment buttons, an octant as well as one iron cannon and a bow anchor.

Saint-Géran (1736)

Following a preliminary study entitled Saint-Géran at Mauritius Island. Potential of a plundered site which was presented at the 10th Annual Conference on Underwater Archaeology at Nashville, the French underwater archaeologist, Dr. Jean Yves Blot, obtained the permits required to excavate this shipwreck in 1979 (Blot, 1979). The French East Indiaman Saint-Géran is still considered to be the most famous ship in the Mauritian history, because it is linked to the very popular novel, Paul and Virginie, by Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint Pierre. With many passengers, some slaves and an important cargo of Spanish eight Reales silver coins, it ran aground on a reef north-east of Mauritius in 1744. The wreck was discovered in 1966 by fishermen and a vast treasure hunt took place in order to retrieve the silver coins which were later sold on the local market at Port Louis. More than a decade later, the archaeological team was able to fulfil the mission which consisted of catalogue all existing archival documents concerning this East Indiaman, to review the results of early excavations undertaken by sports divers in the 1970s, to identify 23 canons and 6 anchors, to draw a site plan and to locate inside the lagoon further remains of the wreck. Many artefacts were thus retrieved such as buckles, buttons, thimbles, silver cutlery, grindstones, part of the ship’s wooden structure and silver coins.

Jean Yves Blot published his results between the years 1979 and 1984 in several scientific journals and in a book “A la recherché du Saint-Géran au pays de Paul et Virginie” (Search
for the Saint-Géran in the land of Paul and Virginie). Further investigations were carried out on the Saint-Géran by Jean Yves Blot and Yann von Arnim in 2018, 2022 and 2023. These studies revealed that all the canons and anchors are still present on the wreck site, and no evidence was found of looting since 1979.

Banda (1606)

Following an archaeological survey in 1979, the Dutch east Indiaman Banda was discovered and positively identified on the west coast of Mauritius by Jacques Dumas, president of the World Underwater Federation (CMAS) and Patrick Lizé, historian specialized in underwater archaeology. For the first time, a contract was established between the Government and an archaeological team with the support of the local commission of UNESCO. The one-year excavation enabled to draw a site plan, to identify several canons and anchors as well as retrieve valuable Ming dynasty Kraak porcelain and a very rare intact Portuguese mariner’s astrolabe dated 1568, both considered today as a worldwide reference collection. Following this archaeological study, a book entitled “Fortune de Mer à l’Ile Maurice” (Shipwrecked in Mauritius) was published and a documentary film “Adventures en Ocean Indien – Sur la Route des Épices” (Adventures in the Indian Ocean – On the Spice Road) was released by Jacques Dumas in 1981. More recently, a catalogue of artefacts recovered from this wreck was published in 2023.

Speaker (c.1699)

In 1980, with the same team and under the same permit as for the Banda, an excavation was launched to study the wreck of the Speaker which sank in 1702 off the east coast of the island.
Today, this shipwreck is considered to be the first pirate ship ever found and studied. Its captain John Bowen was born in the Bermuda and with other famous pirates such as Nathaniel North and George Booth he was active in the Indian Ocean. Apart from the basic archaeological work (historical research, identification of visible remains, cartography…) some artefacts could be salvaged such as buttons, buckles, dividers, bronze statues, pipes, beads, gold ingots, a sun-dial as well as 6 gold coins (Dinar and Ducat) and 14 silver coins (Austrian, Dutch, Ottoman, Spanish and Indian). The results of this mission were published by Patrick Lizé in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology in 1984 as well as in two books on archaeology of piracy “La veritable histoire du pirate John Bowen” (The true story of the pirate John Bowen) in 1987 and “Piracy in the Indian Ocean: Mauritius and the pirate ship Speaker” in 2006.

A second archaeological campaign was conducted on the Speaker in 1990 by Erick Surcouf, French treasure hunter and Thierry Proust, architect specialised in archaeological projects. Like the previous mission, the site was found to be extremely difficult to excavate, due to difficult and unpredictable weather and sea conditions. However, the team was able to set up a survey grid, to complete the site plan and to retrieve some additional artefacts. Two additional missions were launched in March 2019 and November 2021 led by Dr. Jean Soulat and Yann von Arnim to firstly re-examine the artefacts and make a full study of the Speaker’s collection and secondly to survey the site and it’s remains. A further archaeological study was held by the same team with the aim to compare the finds from the Speaker with those excavated between 1997 and 2005 by the University of Amsterdam in the Dutch fort Frederik Hendrik in Vieux Grand Port, Mauritius.

Geunieerde Provincien (1603)

The Dutch East Indiaman Geunieerde Provincien from Pieter Both’s fleet was wrecked on the 6th March 1615, during the same cyclone as the Banda. The remains of the Geunieerde Provincien were located by fishermen in 1975 on the west coast of Mauritius off Albion reef. However, the site was already known before, as large amounts of blue and white porcelain sherds were found on the beach opposite the wreck site. In 1990 the wreck was excavated by a French team led by Erick Surcouf and Thierry Proust. Despite intensive investigations, it was not possible to locate the main portion of the wreck. Nevertheless, an important collection of artefacts were recovered, including a large amount of porcelain sherds, six iron cannons, a grappling anchor, many cannonballs, musket balls and three large lead ingots.

Diligente (1809)

The Diligente was an American ship, the Samson, from New York. Its capture had been made by François Fidèle Ripaud de Montedevert, commander of the corvette Creole, on 2nd September 1809. The Samson, was carrying opium and 27,814 Spanish eight reales silver coins. The precious cargo was assigned to the French administration and used to repay debts. Converted into a fluty and renamed Diligente, this ship was affected to supply of the Isle de France with meat from Madagascar. In August 1810, during the prelude to the Naval Battle of Grand Port, Ripaud de Montedevert tried to keep the British out of the Isle de la Passe, but ended up scuttling the Diligente to avoid its capture.

The wreck of the Diligente was discovered by Yann von Arnim and Philippe Denis in 2005 and
investigated in 2008 by the archaeological team of the Mauritius Marine Conservation Society. It was found that only the keel and part of a wooden hull were still intact under a large amount of ballast stones. No further archaeological work was carried out since.

Coureur (1818)

In October 2004, the wreck of a lugger was discovered at Pointe aux Feuilles, less than 350 meters away from the shore along the eastern coast of Mauritius, by Arminio Vurdapa Naicken, a diver from a nearby fish farm. An assessment of the site indicated that the shipwreck was probably that of the Coureur. From historical records, it was known that the Coureur was illegally importing slaves from Zanzibar when it ran aground. The slaves were immediately transferred to the shore and the vessel set on fire by its crew, in order to destroy all evidence of slave trafficking.

Several excavation campaigns were carried out between the years 2005 and 2009, under the
supervision of the Mauritius Museums Council, by Ibrahim Ahmed Metwalli, Yann von Arnim and Nicolas Bigourdan. The archaeological excavations were oriented to provide indications related to the ship’s identity, to study the wreck structure as an entity, to investigate the debris filed west of the wreck and to stabilize the wreck by coverage for in-situ preservation. The archaeological excavation of the hull revealed many details of the Coureur’s construction, which provided material evidence of a French colonial vessel, which operated as a slave trader along the coasts of Mauritius. Artefacts were retrieved with the aim to confirm the identity of the wreck, but also subsequently to provide material evidences about the vessel’s uses, characteristics and capabilities. A total of 5654 artefacts were recovered and are now in the custody of the National History Museum of Mahebourg, part of which is today on permanent display in the slave trade section.

Ambulante (1762)

Archaeological and anthropological studies have been conducted since 2003, by the Morne Heritage Trust Fund, on the outskirts of the Morne Mountain in the south-west of Mauritius. The Morne cultural landscape was proclaimed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as it is an exceptional testimony to maroonage or resistance to slavery as the mountain was used a refuge for escaped slaves. To complete and support these studies, archaeological research was extended to the neighbouring marine space. The lagoon and the reefs located south and west of the Morne or Morne Brabant were surveyed in 2018 and several shipwrecks were located and identified. Two sites were partially studied, revealing remains of the French flute Ambulante which sank in a reef passage in 1772 and the British bark Maria, wrecked in 1881 on a reef south of Ile au Fourneau.

The frigate L’Ambulante was a merchant ship built in Marseille in 1758. Bought by the French Royal Navy, it was transformed into a flute in 1762. In 1768 L’Ambulante was involved in a slave trade in Mozambique and Madagascar and finally sank in Mauritius in a cyclone on 1st March 1772. It drifted 12 hours at sea before running aground near the Morne Brabant in a pass between the reefs, to which it gave its name. A company of the Irish Clare’s Regiment, which was on board, was saved only by miracle. According to several sources, a soldier, two sailors and two slaves died during this shipwreck. Two archaeological surveys in 2018 and 2019, led by the Morne Heritage Trust Fund and Yann von Arnim, revealed several shipwrecks remains in the reef passage west of Morne Brabant. Several fittings such as iron knees and mast hoops as well as a large amount of ballast stones, a pump piston shaft and one cannon could be identified as being part of Ambulante’s wreck remains.

Maria (1869)

The British bark Maria of 542-tons was bound for Port Louis, Mauritius, with a cargo of gram, ghee, oil and tobacco from Kakinada or Cocanada. Due to a navigational error, the vessel struck a coral reef near Ilot Fourneau, south of Mauritius, on the 19th June 1881. The ship completely stranded on the reef and broke in two by the force of the waves. The shipwreck was discovered in the 70s by fishermen and investigated by the Mauritius Marine Conservation Society and Mauritius Underwater Group in 1992. Two archaeological surveys in 2018 and 2019 led by the Morne Heritage Trust Fund identified wreck remains from the Maria such as an anchor, part of an iron hull, ballast stones and a windlass with several gear wheels.

Victoire (c.1795)

The Victoire was a 220-tonnage French ship. In 1804, Captain Jacques Genève led the Victoire on its last voyage from Madagascar to Port Louis. Its cargo consisted of enslaved people from Madagascar, gunpowder, and glassware along with cattle and rice. Chased by the British ships HMS Tremendous, HMS Phaeton and HMS Terpsichore the ship hit the reef at Pointe aux Cannoniers and lost its rudder. Unable to navigate, the ship was finally stranded inside the reef, near the artillery battery of Pointe aux Cannoniers. The crew disembarked the enslaved people and threw the cattle overboard so they could reach the mainland. As a heavily armed longboat with British sailors approached the Victoire, Captain Genève set fire to both ends of the ship. Soon after the entire crew had reached the shore, the stern of the Victoire exploded, killing several British sailors. The Victoire was discovered by a scientific team of the Mauritius Marine Conservation Society (MMCS) in 1988. The shipwreck was located approximately 150 meters from the shore at Pointe aux Cannoniers lying on a sandy bottom at a depth ranging between 1.3m to 4m. Preliminary archaeological studies were conducted in December 1988 and in February 1991.

The studies revealed elements of the hull such as pieces of wood, some iron fittings, copper bolt, copper sheathing nails and copper sheathing, while from the cargo emerged various fragments of glassware and a rock crystal. A reconnaissance study of the Victoire was carried out in July 2022 followed by a survey of the shipwreck in February 2023, both led by the Mauritian Prime minister’s Department for Continental Shelf, Maritime Zones Administration & Exploration (CSMZAE), the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford University) and the MMCS. These studies made it possible to document and assess the extent of the site of the Victoire shipwreck as well as excavated part of the site and retrieve, treat and catalogue miscellaneous artefacts.

Publications Underwater Archaeology

Seetah, K., Barteneva, L., Gawde, P., Mamode, S., Bhunjun, D., Motah, B., Runghen, H., Badal, R., von Arnim, Y., Vitry, H., 2025, Marine Environmental Archaeology: The Ecology of Shipwrecks in Mauritius, International Journal of Historical Archaeology, published 14 January 2025, Springer. (Link)

Manfio, S., von Arnim, Y., 2025, Slave trade in Mauritius: a comparative study of legal and illegal shipwrecks, presented to the International Conference, UNESCO Routes of Enslaved Peoples Project: Resistance, Liberty, Heritage in the Western Indian Ocean, University of Mauritius, 3 – 5 February 2025.

Soulat, J., von Arnim, Y., & al, 2024, Rapport de Mission Archéologique STM 2024, Baie d’Ambodifotatra, île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar, 13 au 26 Mai 2024, Report ADLP, October 2024. (Link)

Blot, J.Y., 2024, Ferreira, A., Almelda, F., Fortunato, A., von Arnim, Y., & al, Transdisciplinary approach to a coastal shipwreck scatter pattern (Mauritius island), Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia, Vol-26-2023 page 277-307. (Link)

Soulat, J., von Arnim, Y., Audard, A, de Bry, J., Coulaud, A., 2024, Réexamen du mobilier venant du navire pirate coulé au XVIIIe siècle dans la baie d’Ambodifotatra, île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar, Afriques – Revue internationale d’histoire des mondes africains, pp.32. (Link)

Soulat, J., von Arnim, Y., Lizé, P., 2023, The Speaker (1702) pirate shipwreck on the East side of Mauritius, Dead Man’s Chest, exploring the archaeology of piracy, University Press of Florida, Russel K. Skowroneck and Charles R. Ewen editors, p. 183-193. (Link)

von Arnim, Y., 2023, Naufrages au Nord de Maurice, Acte de conférence Société de l’Histoire de l’ile Maurice, Mauritius Marine Conservation Society, Mauritius Museums Council & Société de l’Histoire de l’ile Maurice, May 2023.

von Arnim, Y., 2023, Artefacts from the Banda, a Dutch East Indiaman wrecked at Mauritius in 1615, a shipwreck artefact catalogue, Mauritius Museums Council & Mauritius Marine Conservation Society, Book, Ed. MMCS, ISBN-99949-78-15-1, pp.157.

Manfio S., von Arnim Y., Runghen H., Motah B. A., Bhunjun D., and Mamode S., 2023, Training in Archaeological Survey – a case study of the Victoire Shipwreck. Mauritius Underwater Cultural Heritage Project. Department for Continental Shelf, Maritime Zones Administration & Exploration. Report, February 2023, pp 135.

von Arnim, Y., la Hausse de Lalouvière, P., 2022, (in press), Maritime Archaeology and Shipwrecks in Mauritius. Present, Past and Future. In Seetah, K. and Leidwanger, J. (eds.), Across the Shore: Integrating Perspectives on Heritage. Springer Science, New York.

Runghen, H., Manfio, S., von Arnim, Y., Motah, B.A., Bhunjun, D., Mamode, S., 2022, Reconnaissance study of the Victoire (1804) shipwreck at Pointe aux Canonniers. Mauritius Underwater Cultural Heritage Project, Mauritian Department for Continental Shelf, Maritime Zones Administration and Exploration, Stanford University, Report September 2022, pp.37.

Soulat, J., von Arnim, Y., 2022, Speaker 1702 – Histoire et archéologie d’un navire pirate coulé à l’île Maurice, Book Ed. ADLP France, April 2022, ISBN 978-2-95817-321-0. (Link)

Soulat, J., von Arnim, Y., Hoyau-Berry, A., 2022, Mission archéologique sur l’épave du navire pirate Speaker à Grande Rivière Sud-Est, île Maurice, Rapport de mission, Landarc, Mauritius Museums Council, MMCS & Société de l’Histoire de l’ile Maurice, April 2022, pp.198. (Link)

Mamode, S., Runghen, H.; Munnaroo, S., von Arnim, Y., & al, 2022, Mapping of Underwater Cultural Heritage: The Geophysical Survey and Data Management of HMS Sirius Shipwreck, OCEANS 2022, Chennai, Inde, February 2022.

Runghen, H., Manfio, S., von Arnim, Y. & al (CSMZAE), 2021, Training Workshop on Underwater Cultural Heritage. Database of Shipwrecks and Underwater Survey. Mauritius Underwater Cultural Heritage Project, Mauritian Department for Continental Shelf, Maritime Zones Administration and Exploration and Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Stanford University, Report December 2021.

von Arnim, Y., 2021, Naufrages à Rodrigues, Histoires Mauriciennes Tribune, MMCS & Societé de l’Histoire de l’Ile Maurice, 17 March 2021. (Link)

Soulat, J., von Arnim, Y., 2020, Marooned of Mauritius. The Speaker Pirate Ship, Wreck Watch, Exploration, History & Archaeolgy, December 2020, p.98-102.

Soulat, J., Lizé, P., von Arnim, Y., 2020, The Life and Times of John Bowen the Pirate, Wreck Watch, Exploration, History & Archaeolgy, December 2020, p. 104-107.

Manfio, S., von Arnim, Y., 2020, Maritime archaeology of slave ships: reviews and future directions for Mauritius and the Indian Ocean, Azania Archaeological Research in Africa 55:4, p.492–508, December 2020. (Link)

von Arnim, Y., Lize, P., Soulat J., 2019, L’épave du Speaker 1702, navire pirate de John Bowen, Grande Rivière, île Maurice, in J. Soulat (dir.), Archéologie de la Piraterie des XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles. Étude de la vie quotidienne des flibustiers dans les Caraïbes et l’océan Indien, Éditions Mergoil, 2019, p. 97-107. (Link)

Soulat J., von Arnim, Y., Lize, P., 2019, Le mobilier de l’épave pirate du Speaker 1702, in J. Soulat (dir.), Archéologie de la Piraterie des XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles. Étude de la vie quotidienne des flibustiers dans les Caraïbes et l’océan Indien, Éditions Mergoil, 2019, p. 245-267. (Link)

von Arnim, Y., 2018, Inventaire du patrimoine sous-marin de la péninsule du Morne Brabant, Report, Morne Heritage Trust Fund, MMCS & Mauritius Museums Council, January 2018, pp.51.

von Arnim, Y., 2016, Port Louis, cimetière d’épaves, MMCS & Société de l’Histoire de l’ile Maurice, Novembre 2016.

von Arnim, Y., 2016, Pieter Both, First Dutch Governor General of the East Indies and his Shipwrecked Fleet in Mauritius, MMCS, Mauritius Museums Council & Société de l’Histoire de l’ile Maurice, February & April 2016.

von Arnim, Y., Bigourdan, N., 2012, Coureur (1821): A witness of the early 19th century illegal slave trade in Mauritius, (unpublished), Western Australian Maritime Museum, Indian Ocean World Past, Asia Research Centre, November 2012.

von Arnim, Y., 2011, L’épave du lougre le Coureur (1818), témoin de la traite illégale, Proceedings, Truth and Justice Commission, University of Mauritius et Centre d’Études des Mondes Africains, CNRS, Université Paris 1 Panthéon – Sorbonne, 11-14 April 2011.

von Arnim, Y., 2010, Les Vestiges témoins de la bataille navale du Grand Port, Mauritius Museums Council & Mauritius Marine Conservation Society, Proceedings symposium, Isle de France / Mauritius 1810, the Great Turning Point, October 2010, Port Louis, Maurice.

Bettex, F., von Arnim, Y., von Arnim, N., 2007, Les fonds marin de Maurice et de Rodrigues, Book, Ed. Mysterra, ISBN 978-99903-38-21-8, Mauritius.

Metwalli, I., Bigourdan, N., von Arnim Y., 2007, Interim Report of the Pointe aux Feuilles’s Wreck (Mauritius): Le Coureur (1818), an illegal slave trader., Bulletin of the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, Vol 31: 74-41.

von Arnim, Y., 2004, Quelques aspects historiques et archéologiques concernant l’épave de la Bataille Navale du Grand Port, H.M.S. Sirius (1797), National Ocean Science Forum, Mauritius Oceanographic Institute, August 2004.

von Arnim, Y., Li Kwong Wing K.L., 2003, Blue and white china from shipwrecks in Mauritius. Symbolism in decorations. Mauritius Museums Council, Book, Ed. MMCS, ISBN 99903-22-17-1, Mauritius.

von Arnim, Y., 2002, L’Archéologie sous-marine à Maurice, un historique. Mauritius Institute Bulletin, Vol 11:1, p.33-38.

von Arnim, Y., 1998, The wreck of the 5th rated British frigate HMS Sirius (1797) in Mauritius, Bulletin of the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, Vol 22, p.35-44.

von Arnim, Y., 1996, Une exploitation archéologique sous-marine à Maurice: H.M.S. Sirius (1797). Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastal Fortifications, p.79-88.

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